PLANNING.......!!!

                                           PLANNING

                                "Deciding in advance”

Ø           It is an intellectual process, which requires a manager to think before acting.

Ø           It is a continuous process.

Essential quality or general characteristics of planning:

Ø  It must contribute to accomplish purpose and objectives.

Ø  It must be considered as exercise as parent exercise in all processes.

Ø           It must be spread through all management functions.

Importance Of Planning

Ø           Overcomes uncertainty and change minimizes risk.

Ø           Facilitates effective control.

Ø  Makes economic operation and leads to success.

Ø  It forms d bridge between the present and the future.

Purpose of planning

Ø           To direct all other functions of management.

Ø  To provide effective control.

Ø  To form the basis of budget

Ø           To forecast the future to avoid uncertainty and change.

Ø           To focus the vision on the objectives and goals.

Types of plans

Ø      Strategic planning  

1.     Its long term

2.     Done at top management

3.     Less detailed, focuses only on long term goals

Ø        Tactical planning

1.     It is short term

2.     Done at lower levels

3.    More detailed since it caters to day to day operations and activities of the organization.

Standing planning

Ø                    Policies

Ø   Procedures rules

Ø   methods